Oral administration of DNA alginate nanovaccine induced immune-protection against Helicobacter pylori in Balb/C mice.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori), is an established causative factor for the development of gastric cancer and the induction of persistent stomach infections that may lead to peptic ulcers. In recent decades, several endeavours have been undertaken to develop a vaccine for H. pylori, although none have advanced to the clinical phase. The development of a successful H. pylori vaccine is hindered by particular challenges, such as the absence of secure mucosal vaccines to enhance local immune responses, the absence of identified antigens that are effective in vaccinations, and the absence of recognized indicators of protection. METHODS: The DNA vaccine was chemically cloned, and the cloning was verified using PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. The efficacy of the vaccination was investigated. The immunogenicity and immune-protective efficacy of the vaccination were assessed in BALB/c mice. This study demonstrated that administering a preventive Alginate/pCI-neo-UreH Nanovaccine directly into the stomach effectively triggered a robust immune response to protect against H. pylori infection in mice. RESULTS: The level of immune protection achieved with this nano vaccine was similar to that observed when using the widely accepted formalin-killed H. pylori Hel 305 as a positive control. The Alginate/pCI-neo-UreH Nanovaccine composition elicited significant mucosal and systemic antigen-specific antibody responses and strong intestinal and systemic Th1 responses. Moreover, the activation of IL-17R signaling is necessary for the defensive Th1 immune responses in the intestines triggered by Alginate/pCI-neo-UreH. CONCLUSION: Alginate/pCI-neo-UreH is a potential Nanovaccine for use in an oral vaccine versus H. pylori infection, according to our findings.

Potential Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy: Stimulating the Immune System with Helicobacter pylori pIRES2-DsRed-Express-ureF DNA Vaccines.

Most gastric cancers (GC) are thought to be caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. However, there is mounting evidence that GC patients with positive H. pylori status have improved prognoses. The H. pylori-induced cellular immune reaction may inhibit cancer. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized using recombinant plasmids that encode the ureF gene of H. pylori. Purified functional splenic CD3+ T lymphocytes are used to study the anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. The immunological state of GC patients with ongoing H. pylori infection is mimicked by the H. pylori DNA vaccines, which cause a change in the reaction from Th1 to Th2. Human GC cells grow more slowly when stimulated CD3+ T lymphocytes are used as adoptive infusions because they reduce GC xenograft development in vivo. The more excellent ratios of infiltrating CD8+/CD4+ T cells, the decreased invasion of regulatory FOXP3+ Treg lymphocytes, and the increased apoptosis brought on by Caspase9/Caspase-3 overexpression and Survivin downregulation may all contribute to the consequences. Our findings suggest that in people with advanced GC, H. pylori pIRES2-DsRed-Express-ureF DNA vaccines may have immunotherapeutic utility.

The Antidiabetic Mechanisms of Hesperidin: Hesperidin Nanocarriers as Promising Therapeutic Options for Diabetes.

A natural flavonoid with exceptional medicinal capabilities, hesperidin, has shown encouraging results in the treatment of diabetes. Thoughts are still being held on the particular processes through which hesperidin exerts its anti-diabetic effects. This work clarifies the complex antidiabetic mechanisms of hesperidin by investigating the molecular pathways involved in glucose homeostasis, insulin signaling, and oxidative stress control. Additionally, the article explores the newly developing field of nanocarrier-based systems as a prospective means of boosting the therapeutic efficiency of hesperidin in the treatment of diabetes. This is because there are difficulties connected with the efficient delivery of hesperidin. These cutting-edge platforms show enormous potential for changing diabetes therapy by utilizing the benefits of nanocarriers, such as enhanced solubility, stability, and targeted delivery. In conclusion, our comprehensive review emphasizes the antidiabetic potential of hesperidin and underscores the intriguing possibilities provided by hesperidin nanocarriers in the search for more effective and individualized diabetes therapies.

Nursing Students' Competency to Attend Disaster Situations: A Study in Western Iran.

OBJECTIVE: The disaster preparedness of nurses is important as nurses are members of a health care team that needs to work systematically and collaboratively in all conditions. Although education and training naturally underpin effective practice, disaster nursing education is rarely provided to nurses in Iran. Because disaster situations, by definition, overwhelm health services, it is likely that nursing students will be required to join their colleagues in the response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the competency of nursing students to attend disaster situations. METHODS: This descriptive, analytical study was conducted in western Iran in 2020. A total of 70 nursing students in the fourth (final) year of their undergraduate nursing education entered the study by a census sampling method. Data collection was undertaken using a validated disaster competency assessment questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) with descriptive and analytic tests. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 21.4 ± 2.14 and 57.1% of them were women; 45 participants (64.3%) had received no disaster-related training, and 88.6% had no history of participating in disaster exercises. The total score for nursing students' competence was 125.58 ± 14.19. There was a significant relationship between the mean score of nursing competence in response to disasters and student history of participating in an exercise and training course (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Students' competence in disaster situations is poor. Awareness of the competence condition of nurses is the first step to improve their preparedness as the most key members of the disaster health team. Conducting disaster-related training may be appropriate. The results of this study can provide evidence for the development of educational policies in disaster nursing education.

Comparison of the prevalence of myofascial trigger points of muscles acting on knee between patients with moderate degree of knee osteoarthritis and healthy matched people.

INTRODUCTION: Trigger points have been implicated in the development of several musculoskeletal disorders. Trigger points harbored in lower limb muscles might represent a ubiquitous source of pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) in muscles acting on the knee in patients with OA. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients aged at least 55 years old with a moderate degree of OA (grade III of Kellgren and Lawrence scale) were recruited. Thirty asymptomatic people, matched on age and body mass index, were considered as the control group. Ten muscles acting on the knee joint were selected. Taut bands were also identified using a skin rolling method. A pressure of 3 kg/cm2 was used to identify myofascial trigger points in all muscles except the popliteus (8 kg/cm2). RESULTS: Chi-square was performed to compare the prevalence of trigger points between the groups. The McNemar test was administered to compare the prevalence of trigger points in the right and left sides of participants. Prevalence of the trigger points was significantly higher in patients with knee OA compared with asymptomatic people in all muscles except for right (p = 0.17) and left (p = 0.41) rectus femoris, right (p = 0.61) and left (p = 0.22) sartorius and left biceps femoris (p = 0.08). Comparison of the prevalence of MTrPs bilaterally revealed that only the right and left sartorius differed significantly (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MTrPs in the muscles acting on the knee joint is higher in patients with a moderate degree of knee OA compared with asymptomatic subjects.